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FREUD’S CONCEPTION OF THE HUMAN MIND
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The human mind is divided into the conscious and the unconscious parts, whereof the unconscious forms the major part, which are further divided into id, ego and superego start learning
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SUPEREGO Interiorized societal ideals and rules of behaviour
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EGO Reason; mediator between the societal requirements and Id start learning
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ID Impersonal, elemental reservoir of libido, chaotic desires
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Governed by libido: the psychic energy, often, but not necessarily expressive of the sexual drive Neurosis = imbalance between the parts of psyche (especially between ego and superego) Psychosis = imbalance between libido and reality start learning
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Sublimation = non-sexual investment of libido Cathexis = infusion of objects/symbols with libido, e.g., in dreams Defence mechanisms:
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Repression = a continuous supression and relegation to the unconscious memories, emotions, etc., desired, but considered undesirable by Ego or Superego; usually of sexual character Denial = avoiding pain by refusing to recognize it start learning
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Caught up in the dychotomy of conflicting drives: Eros: creative drive Thanatos: destructive drive (death drive)
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the Oedipus complex very young children experience an intense love for the parent of the opposite sex and a consequent hatred and fear of the other parent, whom they view as a rival; in literature, e.g., Hamlet the family romance
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the family romance the child’s fantasy of being adopted by one’s real parents; in literature, the story of the foundling, e.g., Moses, Superman (Clark Kent) start learning
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Penis envy In the female development, the realization that the subject is lacking; gender identification phallic symbolism
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Phallus = the representation of the penis = male/regenerative power Any erect/pointed object, e.g., a sword, a knife, a pen The Uncanny (Unheimlich): the quality of strangeness in familiar objects, setting or situations start learning
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Phallus = the representation of the penis = male/regenerative power Any erect/pointed object, e.g., a sword, a knife, a pen The Uncanny (Unheimlich): the quality of strangeness in familiar objects, setting or situations
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Literature as a „talking cure”, expressive of the author’s neurosis The importance of biographical elements
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Essential role of the author, but also interpreter (therapist), and the text „The creative writer does the same as the child at play. start learning
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He creates a world of fantasy which he takes very seriously–that is, which he invests with large amounts of emotion–while separating it sharply from reality.”
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Examples: Author: E.A. Poe <- sadistic necrophilia Character: Hamlet <- Oedipus complex Audience: Gothic fiction <- overcoming one’s fears start learning
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The creation largely subconscious, governed by the processes typical for dreams (dreamwork) Dreams are structured like language
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Can be analysed through the associative method Condensation = metaphor Displacement = metonymy start learning
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They do not pass a message, but allow to discharge the excess of libido through wish-fulfillment Superego: symbolized by what is up, bright, concrete, e.g. a lid, an angel, a figure of authority
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Id: symbolized by what is dark, below, amorphous, e.g. the sea, an animal, a figure subverting authority The navel of dream = the place in the dream resisting interpretation, connected to the primal forces, start learning
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The importance of what is hidden, missing, misplaced, strange, repetitive, negated Parapraxes: slips of the tongue
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Self vs persona Self = the unified conscious and unconscious parts of the psyche, as distinct from the others Persona = a mask (a set of behaviours) constructed and displayed to others to inscribe onself in the social environment
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The Shadow = the unconcious part of human psyche anima, animus: parts of the unconscious mind, present in every human Anima = archetypal woman Animus = archetypal man Self as a house start learning
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FAMILIAR CONCEPTS: Individuation: the integration of the elements of self that make it different from the other people Extrovert: seeks gratification outside the self
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Introvert: seeks gratification inside the self Complex: emotions, thoughts, etc., organized around a common theme or object Collective unconscious: universal and impersonal unconscious, operating upong the same framework in all humans start learning
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Archetype: a primary symbol, action, setting, or character-type that is found repeatedly in myth, folklore, and literature
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