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Roman and Anglo-Saxon England start learning
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Cesar made two expeditions to Britain start learning
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Claudian Conquest of Britain start learning
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defensive wall (Emperor Hadrian) to protect Roman Britain against Scottish tribes start learning
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The Anglo-Saxon Invasion (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) start learning
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Alfred the Great of Wessex (defended England against Vikings) start learning
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start learning
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Norman Invasion: Battle of Hastings (William of Normandy was crowned as King of England on Christmas day at Westminster) start learning
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William I the Conqueror (King of England) start learning
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Henry I - (the first English Plantagenet King) start learning
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Henry II - King of England: wife: Eleanor of Aquitaine (enormous French possessions) start learning
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Richard the Lionheart (3 rd Crusade / Captured by Holy Roman Emperor) start learning
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Crisis of Royal Authority in the 13th century start learning
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John the Lackland (King of England) start learning
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MAGNA CARTA - it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons start learning
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Edward I ‘Longshanks’ (King of England: Conquest of Wales / waged war against Scotland and attempted to conquer it) start learning
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William Wallace (“Braveheart”) Rebellion start learning
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Model Parliament - beginning of House of Commons start learning
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Edward II (King of England: weak king / deposed by wife, the French Princess Isabella, and her lover, Mortimer) start learning
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Battle of Bannockburn lost by English start learning
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Edward III (King of England: became King when his father was deposed / Shortly after his 18th birthday) start learning
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Edward III renewed claims of English sovereignty over Scotland start learning
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Beginning of Hundred Years’ War - Edward III laid claim to the French crown start learning
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England during the Hundred Years’ War start learning
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Battle of Crécy (Edward’s victory proved the effectiveness of the English longbow used en masse against armoured knights) start learning
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Siege and capture of Calais / at the same time the Scots attacked from the north but were defeated in England at the Battle of Neville's Cross (October) start learning
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start learning
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Battle of Poitiers (French King captured) start learning
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Treaty of Bretigny (Edward III regained most of the Plantagenet estates in southern France, and was to hold them without doing homage to the French King) start learning
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Richard II (King of England: he was 9 years old when he became king) start learning
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Richard managed to limit the influence of the Lords Appellant and of his uncle – John of Gaunt start learning
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Richard II banished Gaunt’s son Henry of Bolingbroke on a pretext start learning
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Henry V (King of England) start learning
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Henry renewed English claim to the French Crown, culminating in the Battle of Agincourt start learning
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start learning
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Battle of Castillon (end of Hundred Years’ War - exactly 116 years) start learning
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start learning
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Henry VII (King of England: diplomatic marriages) start learning
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Henry VIII (King of England: son Edward) start learning
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establishment of the Anglican Church start learning
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Act of Supremacy - two acts passed by the Parliament of England in the 16th century that established the English monarchs as the head of the Church of England start learning
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Dissolution of the Monasteries start learning
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The Six Articles - Henry wrested control over the English church from Rome start learning
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Charles V sacked Rome (Sacco di Roma) start learning
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start learning
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Act of Uniformity - Uniformity of Public Prayers and Administration of Sacraments, and other Rites and Ceremonies, and for establishing the Form of making, ordaining and consecrating Bishops, Priests and Deacons in the Church of England. start learning
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Beginning of the 80 Years’ War start learning
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start learning
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Francis Drake - traveled round the world / led the English navy against the Armada start learning
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The Scottish nobility turned against Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots start learning
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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots escaped from prison and raised an army but was once more defeated at the Battle of Langside start learning
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The Babington Plot - a plan to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I, a Protestant, and put Mary, Queen of Scots, her Catholic cousin, on the English throne start learning
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Mary of Scots is tried and executed start learning
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SPAIN (King Philip II of Spain) declares war on ENGLAND start learning
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in response to Mary Stuart' s death, the Spanish Armada sailed to England to depose Elizabeth start learning
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Charles I (King of England: Charles continued to struggle with the Parliament over issues of prerogative (TAXES!)) start learning
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start learning
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Charles wanted to collect taxes to fund the war against Scottish Presbytarians, but his English subjects refused to sponsor it: the confrontation ended for Charles in a humiliating truce. start learning
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the “Short” and the „Long” Parliament start learning
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start learning
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WAR between King and Parliament BREAKS OUT start learning
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Oliver Cromwell - NEW MODEL ARMY (nicknamed “the Ironsides”, The New Model Army was raised from among veteran soldiers who were zealous Puritans devoted to Cromwell) start learning
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Battle of Naseby, Ironsides’ decisive victory start learning
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the Royalists were defeated and Charles surrendered himself to the Scots, who were later forced to hand the King over to the leaders of the New Model Army start learning
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Battle of Preston - the Scots, afraid of Cromwell’s political radicalism, joined forces with the Royalists (King’s supporters) and attacked the New Model Army, but were defeated by Cromwell start learning
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trial and execution of Charles I start learning
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The English Commonwealth led by Cromwell as Lord Protector start learning
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Cromwell’s Conquest of Ireland start learning
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The Restoration - Charles I’s son, Charles, is returned to the throne as Charles II start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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George I (King of England: First English monarch of the House of Hanover) start learning
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Robert Walpole - “1st Prime Minister of Great Britain” start learning
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Seven Years’ War - In North America, France lost to Britain all of its possessions east of the Mississippi; The war ended France's position as a major colonial power; Great Britain, meanwhile, emerged as the dominant colonial power in the world. start learning
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George III - The king under whom England lost its North American colonies. start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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Act of Union (Union of England, Scotland and Ireland) start learning
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Napoleon’s disastrous Russian campaign start learning
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the Allies entered Paris - Napoleon abdicated on April 6 - the victors exiled Napoleon to the island of Elba – Congress of Vienna starts start learning
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Napoleon’s last stand -> defeated by the English under Wellington [Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]at Waterloo. start learning
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George IV (King of England: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester) start learning
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Great Reform Act - under Prime Minister Earl Grey -> the Act got rid of the inequities in the electoral system, The Act also increased the number of individuals entitled to vote, increasing the size of electorate by 50–80% start learning
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Queen Victoria – British Imperialism and Social Reform start learning
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Robert Peel - Tory party is split: William Gladstone (Liberal), Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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Second Reform Act - enfranchised all male householders start learning
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start learning
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Representation of the People Act start learning
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women over 30 given the vote start learning
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start learning
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start learning
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Triple Entente (UK, France, Russia) start learning
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start learning
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David Lloyd George (Prime Minister: Winston Churchill -> Minister of Munitions in Lloyd George’s government) start learning
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Labour Party (win 29 seats in House of Commons) start learning
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Ramsay MacDonald -> first Labour Prime Minister start learning
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start learning
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Irish War of Independence. Consequences? Ireland split into North Ireland [still within the UK] and the Irish free State start learning
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KING Edward VIII abdicates start learning
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George VI (king: Edward VIII's brother [Queen Elizabeth II’s father]) start learning
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Neville Chamberlain (Conservative Prime Minister) start learning
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Winston Churchill - Prime Minister start learning
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the British announced their desire to terminate the Palestine mandate and withdraw - Israeli-Arab war breaks out: Israel gains independence start learning
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India: Partition of India: India and East and West Pakistan gain independence (Lord Louis Mountbatten -> last Viceroy of India) start learning
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Conservatives back in power, Churchill refuses to join The European Coal and Steel Community proposed by the French foreign minister Robert Schuman start learning
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Africa: Suez Canal Crisis (under Prime Minister Anthony Eden) dealt a humiliating blow to UK’s post-war colonial ambitions start learning
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