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NOWA biologia 🧬
NOWA biologia 🧬
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guest4068721
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czym są sacharydy?
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to inaczej węglowodany lub cukry. Są to związki organiczne zbudowane z węgla, wodoru i tlenu (czasem też innych pierwiastków)
jak powstają sacharydy?
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w większości przypadków fotosynteza
monosacharydy → jakie grupy?
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hydroksylowa –OH i karbonylowa → aldechydowa –CHO i ketonowa >C=O [aldozy i ketozy]
triozy (C³)
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aldechyd 3-fosfoglicyrynowy) → oddychanie komórkowe fotosynteza
Pentozy (C⁵)
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ryboza → RNA, ATP Deoksyryboza → DNA
Heksozy (C⁶)
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Glukoza, fruktoza, galaktoza → monomery polisacharydów
czym są izomery
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izomery to związki organiczne o takim samym wzorze sumarycznym, lecz innym wzorze strukturalnym
wzór sumaryczny glukozy/fruktozy
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C⁶H¹²O⁶
czym są wiązania 1,4 glikozydowe
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wiązanie łączące między 1 węgiel jednego monomeru i 4 węgiel drugiego monomeru za pomocą mostka tlenowego
alfa glikozydowe
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na dole, na dole → trawimy
beta glikozydowe
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na górze, na dole → nie trawimy
oligosacharydy przykłady
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Sacharoza (cukier kuchenny) laktoza (mleko) maltoza
polisacharydy przykłady
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celuloza, chityna (funkcja budulcowa) glikogen, skrobia (funkcja zapasowa)
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