4️⃣Internet protocols

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Question English Answer English
foundation
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the base that is built below the surface of the ground to support a building
corresponding
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similar to, connected with
consist of
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to be made of or formed from something
maintain
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"to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become less"
unsustainable
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that cannot continue at the same rate
rapidfast or sudden
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fast or sudden
directory
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a database or listing containing information about multiple entities
cumbersome
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difficult to do or manage and taking a lot of time and effort
redundancies
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duplications or repetitions that are unnecessary or inefficient
boost performance
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improve the speed and efficiency of a system or process
underlying
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real but not immediately obvious
recursive resolvers
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DNS servers that iteratively query other DNS servers to find the requested information
query
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a request for information or data from a database or server
root server
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a server that holds information about top-level domains and routes DNS queries
mere
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nothing more than
DNS client
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a software component or device that initiates DNS queries
lookup
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the act of searching or retrieving information from a database or system
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
The TCP/IP protocol suite forms the backbone of internet communication, ensuring seamless data exchange across networks.
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A set of protocols that enables devices to communicate over the internet and form the foundation of data transmission.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
When you type a web address into your browser, it uses HTTP to retrieve the content and display the web page.
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A protocol used for transmitting web pages and other resources between a web server and a user's web browser.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
E-commerce websites use HTTPS to encrypt sensitive information like credit card details, enhancing online security.
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A secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transmission, ensuring privacy and security when browsing websites.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Web developers often employ FTP to upload new content to their websites, making it accessible to users.
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A protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server on a network, often used for website content upload/download.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Email servers rely on SMTP to send messages from the sender to the recipient's inbox.
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A protocol for sending emails between servers, allowing the delivery of messages across different email systems.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)
POP3 allows you to download emails from the server to your device, giving you offline access to your messages.
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A protocol for receiving emails, where emails are downloaded from a server to a local device.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
IMAP keeps your emails on the server, permitting you to access them from different devices while staying synchronized.
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A protocol for receiving emails that keeps emails on the server, allowing users to access their messages from multiple devices.
DNS (Domain Name System): A system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling users to access websites using names instead of numbers.
The DNS translates domain names like "www.example.com" into IP addresses that computers can understand.
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A system that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling users to access websites using names instead of numbers.
IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
Every device connected to the internet has an IP address, which acts as its unique identifier.
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A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network, allowing identification and communication.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices when they connect to a network, simplifying setup.
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A protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, simplifying network configuration.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol):
When diagnosing network issues, ICMP's "ping" command helps verify connectivity between devices.
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A protocol used for sending error messages and operational information, often associated with the "ping" command.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Network administrators use SNMP to monitor and manage devices, ensuring efficient network operation.
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A protocol for managing and monitoring network devices, allowing centralized control and monitoring.
SSH (Secure Shell)
SSH provides secure remote access to servers, allowing administrators to manage systems from a distance.
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A protocol that provides secure remote access and data communication over an unsecured network, typically used for system administration.
Telnet
Telnet enables remote access to devices, although it's less secure compared to SSH.
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A protocol that provides remote access to devices over a network, though it's not as secure as SSH.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
Internet service providers use BGP to exchange routing information, directing data efficiently across the internet.
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A protocol used to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems on the internet.
SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security)
SSL/TLS encryption secures data transmission, especially during online transactions, safeguarding sensitive information.
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Protocols that provide secure communication by encrypting data between a client and a server, commonly used in HTTPS.

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