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Question		Answer
growth investment start learning		looking for growth or capital accumulation: companies that will get bigger
value investment start learning		investing in big, stable companies in conservative industries with earnings that might grow slowly but won't fall
large companies start learning		are generally stable and more reliable than small ones
small companies start learning		often grow more quickly than large ones, but are more difficult to get information about
active management start learning		buy and sell quite frequently, adapting your portfolio to your objectives and changing market conditions
passive management start learning		you don't buy and sell frequently; you buy and hold, until bonds mature or the financial situation fundamentally changes
index-linked portfolio start learning		try to follow or copy the movements of stock or bond market indices or indexes
mug start learning		a person who doesn't know very much and is easy to take advantage of
come into their own start learning		be successful
futile start learning		unsuccessful, a waste of time
handsomely rewarded start learning		well paid
trigger start learning		cause, provoke
upfront start learning		paid in advance
better off start learning		richer, or in a better situation
slim start learning		small
futures start learning		are forward contracts for the purchase and sale of securities, precious metals, etc., at a fixed price
commodities start learning		raw materials such as agricultural products and metals that are traded on special exchanges
hedge risks start learning		make transaction that are designed to reduce risk regarding a particular price interest rate or exchange rate
call option start learning		is a contract giving the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset in the future
put option start learning		is a contract giving the possibility to sell a specified quantity of securities, foreign exchange or commodities in the future, if it is advantageous to do so.
exercise an option start learning		use or implement the option, taking up the possibility to buy or sell something
interest rate swap start learning		is an exchange of future payments on borrowed money according to specified terms
speculator start learning		someone who anticipates future changes in a market and makes risky transactions, hoping to make a gain
premium start learning		is the money the writer of an option receives
compromise start learning		an agreement that settles an argument when people reduce their demands in order to agree
concession start learning		something which is accepted or given up by one side in order to end a disagreement
counter-proposal start learning		an offer responding to somebody else's offer
deal point start learning		an individual item or element in negotiation
to leave something hanging start learning		to delay making (or forget to make) a decision about something
parameters start learning		fixed limits within which something can or must happen or done
scenario start learning		a description of a possible event in the future
to set something aside start learning		to temporarily ignore or not think about a particular fact
tip start learning		a useful piece of information or advice
trade-off start learning		an exchange involving giving up one thing to get something else
raider start learning		people or companies that try to buy and sell other companies to make a profit
market share start learning		a company's sales expressed as a percentage of the total sales in a market
economies of scale start learning		reductions in costs resulting from increased production
diversifying, diversification start learning		adding new and different products or services
customer base start learning		all the individuals or organizations that regularly or occasionally purchase goods or services from a company
optimum start learning		best, perfect or ideal
conglomerate start learning		large corporations or groups of companies offering a number of different products or services
synergy start learning		combined production or productivity that is greater than the sum of the separate parts
fees start learning		money paid to investment banks for work done
asset-stripping start learning		buying a company in order to sell its most valuable assets at a profit
buying spree start learning		buying a lot in a short time
boom start learning		a period when an economy is doing very well
cyclical start learning		goig round and round or repeating
slump start learning		a period when an economy is doing badly
to drum up business start learning		to try to get new customers
bulls start learning		a name for investors who buy shares because they expect their price to rise
bears start learning		a name of shareholders who sell because they expect the price to fall
bubble start learning		a period of rapidly rising share prices, followed by a quick collapse
collateral start learning		assets a borrower uses to secure or guarantee a loan
shares start learning		certificates representing part-ownership of a company
institutional investors start learning		financial organizations that own a lot of shares
day traders start learning		people who buy and re-sell shares in a very short time, often just a few hours
raise capital start learning		to get money from investors with which to run a business
issue start learning		to offer securities for sale, to financial institutions and the public
bankruptcy start learning		when you have no money to pay your debts, so you have to sell your assets
I don't like milk either. start learning		też nie - na końcu zdania
simultaneous start learning		Foreign market is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another.
domestic currency start learning		currency belonging to one's own country
speculator start learning		people who buy and sell things in the hope of making profit
currency fluctuations start learning		currency price changes
turnover start learning		the total amount of money spent in a market
liquid start learning		easy to sell (to convert into cash)
grow start learning		upward movement is positive
improve start learning		upward movement is positive
get better start learning		upward movement is positive
deteriorate start learning		upward movement is negative
get worse start learning		upward movement is negative
issuing bank start learning		buyer's bank
amendment start learning		If necessary, he or she contacts the buyer and asks for amendments to be made
bank draft start learning		It's issued by the bank, which receives the money (before paying it to exporter).
trade draft start learning		It's issued by the exporting company, which receives the money directly.
beneficiary start learning		the seller
policy start learning		an agreed plan of what to do
threats start learning		potential sources of danger
target start learning		a level or situation which you intend to achieve
core start learning		basic and most important
inflation start learning		a general, continuous increase in price
base rate start learning		the rate at which the central bank lends money to commercial banks
consume start learning		to spend money on goods and services
incentive start learning		encouragement or reason to do something
plant start learning		factories, and the machines and equipment in them
capital start learning		money invested in companies, to buy buildings, machinery, etc.
demand start learning		what people consume and how much they invest
labour start learning		work done by people employed by business
supply start learning		the quantity of goods and services offered for sale by companies
I find financial planning really interesting start learning		Planowanie finansowe wydaje mi się naprawdę interesujące
to strip out start learning		American lawmakers had striped investment banking out from commercial banking.
will definitely start learning		Our profits will definitely increase this year.
be bound to do something start learning		Small regional banks are bound to join together.
expect start learning		We expect all banks to invest substantially in their branch networks.
may well start learning		I may well decide to change banks.
will probably start learning		They'll probably move their call centre to India.
be likely to start learning		Universal banks are likely to spread.
perhaps start learning		Perhaps we need to hire more financial advisors.
might start learning		We might increase our commission charges.
be unlikely to start learning		E-banking is unlikely to decrease over the next 10 years.
improbable start learning		There could be a takeover, but I think it’s improbable.
can’t possibly start learning		Interest rates can’t possibly stay so low.
certainly won't start learning		We certainly won't reduce the size of our counselling area.
in order to do something start learning		They had done this in order to get investment banking business from these companies.
statutory start learning		according to a law or regulation
mandate start learning		authorization given to an organization to carry out specific responsibilities
compliance start learning		following rules and regulations
wholesale start learning		working with companies and institutions and not personal or retail customers
counterparties start learning		other institutions in an agreement, contract or transaction
supervision start learning		watching over people or an organization to makesure they are behaving correctly
mortgage start learning		is a loan to buy property.
Money you put in the bank is called a start learning		deposit
Money paid to a retired person is called a start learning		pension
Securities representing part-ownership of a company are called start learning		shares or stocks
The money invested in a business is its start learning		capital
Bonds start learning		are interest-paying securities issued by companies that need to borrow money
Takeover start learning		is when a company gains control of another one by buying its stocks.
Merger start learning		is when two formerly separate companies join together.
conglomerates start learning		groups of companies that havejoined together
depositors start learning		people who place money in bank accounts
deregulated start learning		abolished or ended rules and restrictions
fines start learning		sums of money paid as penalties for breaking the law
prohibited start learning		made it illegal to do something
regulation start learning		control of something by rules or laws
repealed start learning		cancelled or ended (a law)
underwriting start learning		guaranteeing to buy a company’s newly issued stocks if no one else does
to strip out start learning		to seperate
generally considered to be start learning		reputed to be
didn’t want to cause trouble for other people start learning		meant no harm
abig hierarchy of directors and managers start learning		an endless chain of command
special; different from other people start learning		a breed apart
extremely big start learning		vast
trend start learning		a general development or changeina situation or in people’s behaviour
income start learning		all the money received by a person during a particular period
assets start learning		anything of value owned by a business; for a bank, the loans it has made
liabilities start learning		money that a company will have to pay to someone else one day; fora bank, its deposits
lucrative start learning		profitable (describes an activity that makes a profit]
national income start learning		the money earned by a country’s people in a particular period
currency start learning		the money used ina particular country
direct debit start learning		iS an instruction to a bank to pay varying sums of money to another account on particular dates.
savings account start learning		pays interest but usually has limits as to how much money can be withdrawn during a certain period of time.
statement start learning		lists the recent debits and credits in a bank account.
overdraft start learning		is an arrangement allowing someone to borrow money by withdrawing more than they have deposited in their account, up to a certain limit.
current account start learning		pays no or little interest, but usually allows the holder to withdraw cash or pay cheques without any restrictions.
loan start learning		is an amount of money borrowed from a bank for a fixed period.
balance start learning		is the amount of maney in a bank account at a particular time.
standing order start learning		is an instruction to a bank to pay regular, fixed sums of money to another account.
staffing start learning		decisions on types and numbers of employees
ahead of the game start learning		in advance of competitors
drive future growth start learning		make business increase in the years to come
reshaping start learning		redesigning
invest substantially start learning		spend a lot of money on
a decade of under-investment start learning		ten years of insufficient spending
affluent start learning		wealthy
ask start learning		enquire
begin start learning		commence
buy start learning		purchase
get start learning		obtain
give start learning		provide
tell start learning		inform
EBIT start learning		the abbreviation for a company’s earnings before interest and taxes
portfolio start learning		allthe securities and financial assets held by a financial institution or an individual
credit rating start learning		anevaluation of a borrower’s ability to pay interest and pay back a loan in the future
collateral start learning		something of value that secures a loan or other credit; if the borrower cannot repay, the lender can sell it to pay off the loan
maturity start learning		the date on which a loan must be repaid, or the length of time until this date
margin start learning		the difference between the interest rate a lender pays and the rate it charges its borrowers
overhead costs start learning		the expenses of operating a business that are not directly related to individual products or services (e.g. electricity, telephones, administrative costs]
credit limit start learning		the maximum amount that a bank will lend to a customer
operating cash flow start learning		the money generated from a business’s normal activities
cost of funds start learning		the price (interest rate) that a financial institution must pay for the use of money
assets start learning		anything owned by a company — cash, buildings, machines, etc.
tax accounting start learning		calculating how much tax an individual or a company should pay — or trying to reduce this figure
auditing start learning		checking and evaluating financial records
cost accounting start learning		determining the unit cost of a manufactured product, including indirect costs
financial accounting start learning		keeping financial records and preparing financial statements
liabilities start learning		money that a company will have to pay to someone else — bills, debts, interest, taxes, etc.
bookkeeping start learning		recording transactions (purchases and sales] in ledgers
income start learning		the money that a company receives fram supplying goods or services
expediture start learning		the money that a company spends
management accounting start learning		the use of a company’s accounting data by its managers for planning and control
commission start learning		A charge for arranging a transaction (e.g. buying or selling securities)
fee start learning		A charge for a service performed by a bank
premiums start learning		Payments for an insurance policy
amortization start learning		Areduction in the value of an asset, charged againstprofits
net start learning		Adjective meaning after all deductions have been made
consolidated start learning		Adjective meaning for a whole group of companies
short-term start learning		Adjective meaning one year or less in financial statements
minority interests start learning		Part-ownership {less than 50%) of other companies
intangible assets start learning		Thingsof value that cannot be physically touched, such as reputation (goodwill), brand names and trademarks
shareholders equity start learning		The net worth of a company — the amount by which assets exceed liabilities
oversight start learning		supervision
sound start learning		in good condition
sterling start learning		the name of the British currency
remunerated start learning		paid
Letter of credit start learning		A method of payment for goods in which the buyer’s bank guarantees to pay a specified amount of money to the seller on presentation of specific documents, before a certain date and according to the International Chamber of Commerce rules.
Bill of exchange start learning		An order written by an exporter instructing an importer to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time
to digress start learning		to move off the subject and start talking about something else
minutes start learning		a written report distributed to participants after a meeting
any other business (AOB) start learning		often the last item in a meeting, when participants discuss issues not on the agenda
compromise start learning		a way of reaching agreement in which each side concedes or gives up something it wants
consensus start learning		the situation in which most or all of the people at a meeting agree about something
apologies for absence start learning		often the first item in a meeting, concerning people who cannot be present
turnover start learning		the total amount of money spent in a market
equity start learning		another word for stocks and shares
domestic start learning		belonging to one’s own country
speculators start learning		people who buy and sell things in the hope of making a profit
liquid start learning		easy to sell (to convert into cash)
fluctuations start learning		price changes

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