development pt2

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Question English Answer English
formal operational stage
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in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive decelopment at age of 12
stranger anxiety
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the fear of strangers that infants commonly display
attachment
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an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.
critical period
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an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism’s exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development.
imprinting
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the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.
basic trust
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according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.
self-concept
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our understanding and evaluation of who we are.
adolescence
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the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.
puberty
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the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
primary sexulal characteristics
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he body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that makes sexual reproduction possible.
secondary sexual characteristic
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non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
menarche
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first period
identity
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our sense of self
intimacy
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in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
menopause
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time of natural cessation
alzheimer's disease
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A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical functioning
cross-sectional study
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a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
longitudinal study
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research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.
crystallized intelligence
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ur accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
fluid intelligence
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our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.
social clock
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the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

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